first in

πρῶτος, η, ον (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.).

① pert. to being first in a sequence, inclusive of time, set (number), or space, first of several, but also when only two persons or things are involved (=πρότερος; exx. in Hdb. on J 1:15; Rdm.² 71f; Thackeray 183; s. also Mlt. 79; 245; B-D-F §62; Rob. 516; 662; and s. Mt 21:31 v.l.).

ⓐ of time first, earliest, earlier

α. as adj. ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας ἄχρι τοῦ νῦν Phil 1:5; cp. Ac 20:18 (on the absence of the art. [also Phil 1:5 v.l.] s. B-D-F §256; Rob. 793). ἡ πρώτη ἀπολογία 2 Ti 4:16 (MMeinertz, Worauf bezieht sich die πρώτη ἀπολογία 2 Ti 4:16?: Biblica 4, 1923, 390–94). ἡ πρ. διαθήκη Hb 9:15. τὰ πρῶτα ἔργα Rv 2:5. ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη 20:5f. ἡ πρώτη ὅρασις Hv 3, 10, 3; 3, 11, 2; 4. ἡ ἐκκλησία ἡ πρ. 2 Cl 14:1.—Subst. τὰ πρ. … τὰ ἔσχατα (Job 8:7): γίνεται τὰ ἔσχατα χείρονα τῶν πρώτων Mt 12:45; cp. Lk 11:26; 2 Pt 2:20; Hv 1, 4, 2. οἱ πρῶτοι (those who came earlier, as Artem. 2, 9 p. 93, 19 those who appeared earlier) Mt 20:10; cp. vs. 8. ἀπέστειλεν ἄλλους δούλους πλείονας τῶν πρώτων 21:36. Cp. 27:64. πρῶτος ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν the first to rise from the dead Ac 26:23. ὁ πρῶτος the first one J 5:4; 1 Cor 14:30. On the self-designation of the Risen Lord ὁ πρ. καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος Rv 1:17; 2:8; 22:13; s. ἔσχατος 2b (πρ. of God: Is 44:6; 48:12).—As a predicate adj., where an adv. can be used in English (ParJer 1:8 εἰ μὴ ἐγὼ πρῶτος ἀνοίξω τὰς πύλας; B-D-F §243; Rob. 657), as the first one = first ἦλθεν πρῶτος he was the first one to come = he came first J 20:4; cp. vs. 8. πρῶτος Μωϋσῆς λέγει Ro 10:19. Ἀβραὰμ πρῶτος περιτομὴν δούς Abraham was the first to practice circumcision B 9:7. οἱ ἄγγελοι οἱ πρῶτοι κτισθέντες the angels who were created first Hv 3, 4, 1; Hs 5, 5, 3.—1 Ti 2:13; 1J 4:19; AcPlCor 2:9.—ἐν ἐμοὶ πρώτῳ in me as the first 1 Ti 1:16.—Used w. a gen. of comparison (Ocelus Luc. 3 ἐκεῖνο πρῶτον τοῦ παντός ἐστιν=prior to the All; Manetho 1, 329; Athen. 14, 28 p. 630c codd.) πρῶτός μου ἦν he was earlier than I = before me J 1:15, 30 (PGM 13, 543 σοῦ πρῶτός εἰμι.—Also Ep. 12 of Apollonius of Tyana: Philostrat. I p. 348, 30 τὸ τῇ τάξει δεύτερον οὐδέποτε τῇ φύσει πρῶτον). So perh. also ἐμὲ πρῶτον ὑμῶν μεμίσηκεν 15:18 (s. β below) and πάντων πρώτη ἐκτίσθη Hv 2, 4, 1.—As a rule the later element is of the same general nature as the one that precedes it. But it can also be someth. quite different, even its exact opposite: τὴν πρώτην πίστιν ἠθέτησαν 1 Ti 5:12. τὴν ἀγάπην σου τὴν πρώτην ἀφῆκες Rv 2:4.—Used elliptically ἡ πρώτη (i.e. ἡμέρα sim. Polyb. 5, 19, 1; 18, 27, 2 τῇ πρώτῃ) τῶν ἀζύμων Mt 26:17. πρώτῃ σαββάτου on the first day of the week Mk 16:9. In some of the passages mentioned above the idea of sequence could be predom.

β. the neuter πρῶτον as adv., of time first, in the first place, before, earlier, to begin with (Peripl. Eryth. 4; Chariton 8, 2, 4; ApcEsdr 3:11; Just., D. 2, 4) πρῶτον πάντων first of all Hv 5:5a. ἐπίτρεψόν μοι πρῶτον ἀπελθεῖν καὶ θάψαι let me first go and bury Mt 8:21. συλλέξατε πρῶτον τὰ ζιζάνια gather the weeds first 13:30. Cp. 17:10, 11 v.l.; Mk 7:27; 9:11f; 13:10; Lk 9:59, 61; 12:1 ( first Jesus speaks to his disciples, and only then [vs. 15] to the people. If one prefers to take πρ. w. what follows, as is poss., it has mng. 2a); 14:28, 31; J 7:51; 18:13; Ac 26:20; Ro 15:24 al. in NT; B 15:7; Hv 3, 1, 8; 3, 6, 7; 3, 8, 11; 5:5b. τότε πρῶτον then for the first time Ac 11:26 D. πρῶτον … καὶ τότε first … and then (Sir 11:7; Jos., Ant. 13, 187) Mt 5:24; 7:5; 12:29; Mk 3:27; Lk 6:42; IEph 7:2. τότε is correlative w. πρῶτον without καί J 2:10 v.l. Likew. πρῶτον … εἶτα (εἶτεν) first … then (Just., D. 33, 2 al.; s. εἶτα 1) Mk 4:28; 1 Ti 3:10; B 6:17. πρῶτον … ἔπειτα (ἔπειτα 2) 1 Cor 15:46; 1 Th 4:16. πρῶτον … μετὰ ταῦτα Mk 16:9, s. vs. 12. πρῶτον … εἶτα … μετὰ ταῦτα 1 Cl 23:4; 2 Cl 11:3 (in both cases the same prophetic saying of unknown origin). πρῶτον … ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ Ac 7:12.—Pleonastically πρῶτον πρὸ τοῦ ἀρίστου Lk 11:38.—W. gen. (Chariton 5, 4, 9 cod. πρῶτον τ. λόγων=before it comes to words) ἐμὲ πρῶτον ὑμῶν μεμίσηκεν it hated me before ( it hated) you J 15:18 (but s. 1aα).—W. the art. τὸ πρῶτον (Hom. et al.; Jos., Ant. 8, 402; 14, 205) the first time J 10:40; 19:39; at first (Diod S 1, 85, 2; Jos., Ant. 2, 340) 12:16; 2 Cl 9:5. τὰ πρῶτα (Hom. et al.; Appian, Syr. 15 §64; Ps.-Phoc. 8) the first time, at first MPol 8:2.

ⓑ of number or sequence (the area within which this sense is valid cannot be marked off w. certainty from the area 1aα)

α. as adj. Mt 21:28; 22:25; Mk 12:20; Lk 14:18; 16:5; 19:16; 20:29; J 19:32; Ac 12:10; 13:33 v.l.; Rv 4:7; 8:7; 21:19; Hs 9, 1, 5. τὸ πρῶτον … τὸ δεύτερον (Alex. Aphr., An. p. 28, 9 Br.) Hb 10:9. On πρώτης τῆς μερίδος Μακεδονίας πόλις Ac 16:12 s. μερίς 1 and RAscough, NTS 44, ’98, 93–103.—Since πρῶτος can stand for πρότερος (s. 1 at beg.; also Mlt-Turner 32), it by no means follows from τὸν μὲν πρῶτον λόγον Ac 1:1 that the writer of Luke and of Ac must have planned to write a third book (Zahn, NKZ 28, 1917, 373ff, Comm. 1919, 16ff holds that he planned to write a third volume; against this view s. EGoodspeed, Introd. to the NT ’37, 189; Haenchen, et al.—Athenaeus 15, 701c mentions the first of Clearchus’ two books on proverbs with the words ἐν τῷ προτέρῳ περὶ παροιμιῶν, but 10, 457c with ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ περὶ παροιμιῶν. Diod S 1, 42, 1 the first half of a two-part work is called ἡ πρώτη βίβλος and 3, 1, 1 mentions a division into πρώτη and δευτέρα βίβ. In 13, 103, 3 the designation for the first of two works varies between ἡ πρώτη σύνταξις and ἡ προτέρα ς. See Haenchen on Ac 1:1).—πρῶτος is also used without any thought that the series must continue: τὸν πρῶτον ἰχθύν the very first fish Mt 17:27. αὕτη ἀπογραφὴ πρώτη ἐγένετο Lk 2:2, likewise, does not look forward in the direction of additional censuses, but back to a time when there were none at all (Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 227 D. παράκλησις αὕτη [=challenge to a sea-fight] πρώτη ἐγένετο; for interpolation theory s. JWinandy, RB 104, ’97, 372–77; cp. BPearson, CBQ, ’99, 262--82).—τὰ τείχη τὰ πρῶτα Hs 8, 6, 6 does not contrast the ‘first walls’ w. other walls; rather it distinguishes the only walls in the picture (Hs 8, 7, 3; 8, 8, 3) as one edifice, from the tower as the other edifice.

β. adv., the neuter πρῶτον of sequence in enumerations (not always clearly distinguished fr. sense 1aβ) first πρῶτον ἀποστόλους, δεύτερον προφήτας, τρίτον … 1 Cor 12:28 (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 20 II, 10ff [II A.D.] τὸ πρ. … τὸ δεύτερον … τὸ τρίτον. Without the art. 480, 12ff [II A.D.]; Diod S 36, 7, 3; Tat. 40, 1). See Hb 7:2; Js 3:17.—Not infrequently Paul begins w. πρῶτον μέν without continuing the series, at least in form (B-D-F §447, 4; Rob. 1152. For πρ. without continuation s. Plat., Ep. 7, 337b, Plut., Mor. 87b; Jos., Ant. 1, 182; Ath. 27, 1 πρῶτα μέν) Ro 1:8; 3:2; 1 Cor 11:18. S. also 2 Cl 3:1.

ⓒ of space outer, anterior σκηνὴ ἡ πρώτη the outer tent, i.e. the holy place Hb 9:2; cp. vss. 6, 8.

② pert. to prominence, first, foremost, most important, most prominent

ⓐ adj.

α. of things (Ocellus [II B.C.] 56 Harder [1926] πρώτη κ. μεγίστη φυλακή; Ael. Aristid. 23, 43 K.=42 p. 783 D.: πόλεις; Ezk 27:22; PsSol 17:43; χρυσίον τὸ πρῶτον τίμιον; JosAs 15:10) ἡ μεγάλη καὶ πρώτη ἐντολή Mt 22:38; cp. Mk 12:29. ἐντολὴ πρώτη πάντων vs. 28 (OLehmann, TU 73, ’59, 557–61 [rabb.]; CBurchard, ZNW 61, ’70, cites JosAs 15:10; 18:5). Without superl. force ἐντολὴ πρώτη ἐν ἐπαγγελίᾳ a commandment of great importance, with a promise attached Eph 6:2 (the usual transl. ‘first commandment w. a promise’ [NRSV, REB et al.] loses sight of the fact that Ex 20:4–6=Dt 5:8–10 has an implied promise of the same kind as the one in Ex 20:12=Dt 5:16. πρ. here is best taken in the same sense as in Mk 12:29 above). στολὴν τὴν πρώτην the special robe Lk 15:22 (JosAs 15:10).—ἐν πρώτοις among the first = most important things, i.e. as of first importance 1 Cor 15:3 (Pla., Pol. 522c ὸ̔ καὶ παντὶ ἐν πρώτοις ἀνάγκη μανθάνειν; Epict., Ench. 20; Mitt-Wilck I/2, 14 II, 9 ἐν πρώτοις ἐρωτῶ σε; Josh 9:2d).

β. of persons (Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 35 πρ. καὶ μέγιστος θεός; TestAbr B 4 p. 108, 18 [Stone p. 64]; ApcSed 5:2; Jos., Ant. 15, 398; Just., A I, 60, 5 al. τὸν πρῶτον θεόν) ὸ̔ς ἂν θέλῃ ἐν ὑμῖν εἶναι πρῶτος whoever wishes to be the first among you Mt 20:27; Mk 10:44; cp. 9:35. πρῶτος Σίμων Mt 10:2 is not meant to indicate the position of Simon in the list, since no other numbers follow, but to single him out as the most prominent of the twelve. W. gen. ὧν (=τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν) πρῶτός εἰμι 1 Ti 1:15. Pl. (οἱ) πρῶτοι in contrast to (οἱ) ἔσχατοι Mt 19:30; 20:16; Mk 9:35; 10:31; Lk 13:30; Ox 654, 25f (cp. GTh 4; sim. Sallust. 9 p. 16, 21f τοῖς ἐσχάτοις … τοῖς πρώτοις; s. ἔσχατος 2).—αἱ πρώται prominent women (in the phrase γυναικῶν τε τῶν πρώτων οὐκ ὀλίγαι) Ac 17:4 (s. New Docs 1, 72). οἱ πρῶτοι the most prominent men, the leading men w. gen. of place (Jos., Ant. 7, 230 τῆς χώρας) οἱ πρ. τῆς Γαλιλαίας Mk 6:21; cp. Ac 13:50 (in phrasing sim. to πολλὰς μὲν γυναῖκας εὐγενεῖς καὶ τῶν πρώτων ἀνδρῶν ἤισχυναν=‘they dishonored many well-born women as well as men of high station’ Theopomp.: 115 Fgm. 121 Jac. p. 563, 33f), or of a group (Strabo 13, 2, 3 οἱ πρ. τῶν φίλων; Jos., Ant. 20, 180) οἱ πρ. τοῦ λαοῦ (Jos., Ant. 11, 141) Lk 19:47; cp. Ac 25:2; 28:17. On ὁ πρῶτος τῆς νήσου vs. 7 (πρῶτος Μελιταίων IGR I, 512=IG XIV, 601; cp. CB I/2, 642 no. 535 ὁ πρῶτος ἐν τῇ πόλει; p. 660 no. 616; SEG XLI, 1345, 14f; cp. CIL X, 7495, 1; s. Hemer, Acts 153, n. 152; Warnecke, Romfahrt 119ff) s. Πόπλιος.

ⓑ adv. πρῶτον of degree in the first place, above all, especially (Jos., Ant. 10, 213) ζητεῖτε πρῶτον τὴν βασιλείαν Mt 6:33. Ἰουδαίῳ τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνι Ro 1:16; cp. 2:9f.—Ac 3:26; 2 Pt 1:20; 3:3. Of the Macedonian Christians ἑαυτοὺς ἔδωκαν πρῶτον τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ ἡμῖν they gave themselves first of all to the Lord, and (then) to us 2 Cor 8:5. παρακαλῶ πρῶτον πάντων first of all I urge 1 Ti 2:1.—B. 939. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

πρότερος and [full] πρῶτος, [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. formed from πρό, opp. ὕστερος, ὕστατος.

A [comp] Comp. [full] πρότερος, α, ον,

I of Place, before, in front, π. πόδες the fore-feet, Od.19.228; π. ἵπποι horses in front, B.5.43:— but mostly,

II of Time, former, earlier,

ἄνδρες Il.21.405

;

ἄνθρωποι 5.637

, 23.332; οἱ π. men of former times, 4.308 (rarely without Art., A.Ag. 1338 (anap.), etc.);

οὗτος δὲ προτέρης γενεῆς π. τ' ἀνθρώπων Il.23.790

: also, older, opp. ὁπλότερος, 2.707, etc.; γενεῇ π. 15.182; but παῖδες π. children by the first or a former marriage, Od.15.22;

παῖδες ἐκ τῆς π. γυναικός Hdt.7.2

; τῇ προτέρῃ (sc. ἡμέρᾳ) on the day before, Od.16.50; ἠοῖ τῇ π. Il.13.794 (in Prose more freq. τῇ προτεραίᾳ, cf. προτεραῖος); τοῦ π. ἐνιαυτοῦ the year before, IG12.352.11; τοῖς π. Παναθηναίοις the preceding P., ib.57.8; τὰ π. what has preceded, Plot.3.2.8:—freq. used predicatively, sts. where we should expect the Adv. (which is never used by Hom.),

ὅ με π. κάκ' ἔοργε Il.

3.351, cf. 16.569, Hes.Op. 708, etc.;

σπονδὰς οὐ λύσετε πρότεροι Th.1.123

; οἱ π. ἐπιόντες ibid.;

τοῖς π. μετὰ Κύρου ἀναβᾶσι X.An.1.4.12

, cf. IG22.1.7;

εἰ μὴ π. ἑωράκη αὐτὸν ἢ ἐκεῖνος ἐμέ Pl.R. 336d

, cf. 432c, etc.;

ὅτι εἴη π. ὑπὸ ἐκείνων ἠδικημένος

PCair.Zēn.

288.9

(iii B.C.).

2 as regular [comp] Comp., c. gen.,

ἐμέο πρότερος Il.10.124

;

π. τούτων Hdt.1.168

, cf. Pl.Phd. 86b, Hp.Ma. 282d;

τὰς γυναῖκας μὴ ἀπιέναι προτέρας τῶν ἀνδρῶν IG12(5).593.19

(Iulis, v B.C.); τῇ π. ἡμέρᾳ τῆς τροπῆς the day before.., Arist.Pol. 1316a16;

προτέρᾳ εἰδυῶν Ὀκτωμβρίων IG7.2225.14

(Thisbe, Senatus Consultum, ii B.C.); τῷ π. ἔτει Παναθηναίων τῶν μεγάλων ib.22.212.27;

τῷ π. ἔτει τῆς ἥττης Plb.2.43.6

: folld. by ἤ, τῷ προτέρῳ ἔτεϊ ἢ τὸν κρητῆρα [ἐληΐσαντο] Hdt.3.47.

III of Rank, Worth, and generally of Precedence, superior, τῷ γένει, τῇ δυνάμει, Is.1.17, D.3.15; π. τινὸς πρός τι superior to him in.., Pl.La. 183b; π. τι ἄγειν, π. ποιήσασθαι τὰ σὰ πράγματα, Lib.Or.58.36,52.1.

IV after Hom., neut. πρότερον freq. as Adv., before, earlier, Pi.O.13.31, Hdt.4.45, IG12.374.265, etc.; ὀλίγον π. Pl.Prt. 317e: c. gen.,

π. φήμης A.Th. 866

(anap.);

ὀλίγῳ τι π. τούτων Hdt.8.95

; πολλοῖσι ἔτεσι π. τούτων ib.96;

ἐνιαυτῷ π. τῆς ἁλώσεως D.9.60

; also πρὸ τῶν Περσικῶν δέκα ἔτεσι π. Pl.Lg. 642d, cf. Criti. 112a; τούτου π. Paus.1.1.2: most freq. folld. by

ἤ, π. ἢ κατὰ τὴν προσδοκίαν Pl.Sph. 264b

; also

μὴ π. ἀπαναστῆναι ἢ ἐξέλωσι Hdt.9.87

, cf. 7.54, Antipho 2.1.2, Th.7.63, etc.: with inf.,

π. ἢ βασιλεῦσαι Hdt.7.2

, cf. Th.1.69, etc.: folld. by πρίν, Hdt.1.82; by πρὶν ἄν, ib. 140; by πρὶν ἤ with vb. in Indic., Id.6.45, 8.8, or Subj., 7.8.β (v.l. πρὶν ἂν ἢ), 9.93; also

οὐ π. εἰ μὴ.. Plu.Lys.10

, etc.; οὐ π. ἕως.. , or ἕως ἂν.., Lys.12.71, Ath.14.640c;

μὴ π., ἀλλ' ὅταν.. Plb.9.13.3

: also used with the Art., τὸ π. Pl.R. 522a, X.An.4.4.14, etc. ( τὸ π., also, for the first time, Ep. Gal.4.13): c. gen.,

τὸ π. τῶν ἀνδρῶν τούτων Hdt.2.144

: the Adv. is freq. put between Art. and Subst.,

ὁ π. βασιλεύς Id.1.84

;

τὰ π. ἀδικήματα Id.6.87

;

αἱ π. ἁμαρτίαι Ar.Eq. 1355

, etc.

B [comp] Sup. [full] πρῶτος, η, ον, [dialect] Dor. [full] πρᾶτος (q.v.):

I as Adj.,

1 of Place, foremost,

πρώτοισιν ἐνὶ προμάχοισι μιγέντα Od.18.379

; ἐν πρώτοις, μετὰ πρώτοισι alone, Il.19.424, 11.64; πρώτῃ ἐν ὑσμίνῃ, ἐνὶ πρώτῳ ὁμάδῳ, 15.340, 17.380; τῆς πρώτης τάττειν (sc. τάξεως) Isoc. 12.180, cf. Lys.16.15, etc.; ἐν π. ῥυμῷ at the front or end of the pole, Il.6.40, 16.371; πρώτῃσι θύρῃσιν at the outermost doors, 22.66; π. ξύλον the front bench, Ar.Ach.25, Poll.4.121, etc.; οἱ π. πόδες, like πρόσθιοι, Id.1.193.

2 of Time, στάντα πρὸς π. ἕω looking towards first dawn, S.OC 477;

περὶ π. νύκτα Poll.1.70

.

3 of Order, serving as ordinal to εἷς, ἄεθλα θῆκε.. τῷ πρώτῳ· ἀτὰρ αὖ τῷ δευτέρῳ.., αὐτὰρ τῷ τριτάτῳ.., κτλ., Il.23.265, cf. 6.179; opp. ὕστατος, 2.281, 5.703, etc.; opp. τελευταῖος, A.Ag. 314; opp. τανύστατος, Od. 9.449;

πρῶτοι πάντων ἀνθρώπων Hdt.2.2

;

τὰ π. τῶν ὀνομάτων Pl.Cra. 421d

;

τῇ π. τῶν ἡμερέων Hdt.7.168

, etc.;

π. ἄξων IG12.115.10

; ἐπὶ τοῦ π. [ἱερείου] first-offered, X.An.4.3.9; ἐν τοῖς π. λόγοις in the earlier books, Arist.Ph. 263a11, al.; ἐν πρώτοις among the first, Is.7.40; hence, above all, especially, Hdt.8.69, Pl.R. 522c; in [dialect] Att., ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι (v. ὁ, ἡ

, τό A.

VIII. 6):—freq. used predicatively of being the first to do something,

Νέστωρ πρῶτος κτύπον ἄϊε Il.10.532

;

πρῶτος ἀνατέλλει Eratosth.Cal.42

;

εἴθε π. σοι ἐνέτυχον Luc.Tyr.21

.

b Philos., first in order of existence, primary,

αἱ π. οὐσίαι Arist.Cat. 2b26

, cf. Metaph. 1032b2; π. ὕλη, π. φιλοσοφία, ib. 1015a7, 1061b19; primitive, simple, οἰκία π., ἡ π. πόλις, Id.Pol. 1252b10, 1291a17; ἡ π. κοινωνία ib. 1257a19; ἡ π. ὀλιγαρχία ib. 1293a14; ὁ π. συλλογισμός normal, typical, Id.Rh. 1357a17; τὰ π. σώματα, μόρια,= τὰ ὁμοιομερῆ, Gal.5.673,674; πρῶτα κατὰ φύσιν, e.g. health, perception, Stoic.3.34; τὰ π. πάθη ib.92; αἱ π. ἀρεταί ib.64.

c Math., πρῶτοι ἀριθμοί prime numbers, Euc.7 Def.11,12; but also, first numbers (= 1 to 100,000,000) in the notation of Archim., Aren.3.2.

d πρῶτος is sts. used where we should expect

πρότερος, Αἰνείας δὲ πρῶτος ἀκόντισεν Il.13.502

, cf. 18.92: in late Greek folld. by gen.,

πρῶτός μου ἦν Ev.Jo.1.15

,30, cf. 15.18;

οἱ πρῶτοί μου ταῦτα ἀνιχνεύσαντες Ael.NA 8.12

;

πρώτη εὕρηται ἡ περὶ τοὺς πόδας κίνησις τῆς διὰ τῶν χειρῶν Ath. 14.630c

;

γεννήτορα πρῶτον μητέρος εἰς ἀΐδην πέμψει Man.1.329

, 4.404; ἀλόχου πρῶτος before his wife, IG12(5).590.5 (vi (?) A.D.).

4 of Rank or Dignity, μετὰ πρώτοισιν among the first men of the state, Od.6.60, etc.;

νομίσαντες πρῶτοι ἂν εἶναι Th.6.28

; διαβάλλειν τοὺς π. X.An.2.6.26, cf. Arist.Pol. 1266a18;

αἱ π. πόλεις Th. 2.8

;

ὁ π. ἄρχων IG12(3).481.10

([place name] Thera), CIG 2837 ([place name] Aphrodisias); ὁ π. τῆς πόλεως, as a title, IG12(5).292.2 ([place name] Paros);

ὁ π. τῆς νήσου Act.Ap.28.7

; τῶν π. φίλων, title at the Ptolemaic court, PTeb.31.15 (ii B.C.), etc.; τῶν π., as military title, PHib.1.110.72 (iii B.C.), PPetr.3p.23 (iii B.C.), PTeb. 815 Fr.4.23,al.(iii B.C.): c. gen.,

ἐν πρώτοισι Μυκηναίων Il.15.643

;

οἱ π. στρατοῦ S.Ph. 1305

, cf. E.Hec. 304, etc.: c. dat. modi, ἀρετῇ π., οἱ π. καὶ χρήμασι καὶ γένει, πλούτῳ π. τῶν Ἑλλήνων, etc., S.Ph. 1425, Th.3.65, Isoc.16.31, etc.;

π. ἐν συμφοραῖς βίου S.OT33

.

5 of Degree, first, highest,

μοῖρα Id.OC 145

(anap.), etc.

II as Subst. in neut. pl. πρῶτα, τά,

1 (sc. ἆθλα), first prize,

τὰ π. λαβών Il.23.275

;

τὰ π. δόρει κρατύνων S.OC 1313

;

ἔχειν πρῶτα κυναγεσίας AP6.118

(Antip.);

τὰ π. φέρεσθαι D.C.42.57

, etc.

2 first part, beginning, τῆς Ἰλιάδος τὰ π. Pl.R. 392e; ἐν τοῖς π. Id.Smp. 221d;

τὸ π. τοῦ ᾄσματος Id.Prt. 343c

.

3 first, highest, in degree, τὰ π. τᾶς λιμῶ ([dialect] Dor. ) the extremities of famine, Ar.Ach. 743 (nisi leg. ἄπρατα)

; ἐχέτωσαν τὰ π. τῆς εὐδαιμονίας Luc.Cont.10

;

ἐς τὰ π. τιμᾶσθαι Th.3.39

, cf. 56; φρενῶν ἐς τὰ ἐμεωυτοῦ π. οὔκω ἀνήκω I have not yet come to the highest development of my judgment, Hdt.7.13, cf. D.C.38.22; of persons, ἐὼν τῶν Ἐρετριέων τὰ π. Hdt. 6.100; Λάμπων.. Αἰγινητέων < ἐὼν> τὰ π. Id.9.78, cf. E.Med. 917; ἐστὶν τὰ π. τῆς ἐκεῖ μοχθηρίας (of a person) Ar.Ra. 421.

4 Philos., primary things, elements, Emp.38.1, Arist.GC 335a29;

τὰ π. αἴτια Id.Mete. 338a20

; also

τὸ π. ἐνυπάρχον ἑκάστῳ Id.Ph. 193a10

.

5 in Logic, the first undemonstrable propositions, on which all future conclusions rest, Id.Top. 100b18;

τὰ π. ἀναπόδεικτα Id.APo. 71b26

.

III in Adverbial phrases,

1 τὴν πρώτην (sc. ὥραν, ὁδόν) first, for the present, just now, Hdt.3.134, Ar. Th. 662, D.3.2, Arist.Metaph. 1038a35, etc.;

τὴν πρώτην εἶναι Hdt.1.153

.

2 with Preps., ἀπὸ πρώτης (sc. ἀρχῆς) Antipho 5.56, Th.1.77;

ἀπὸ τῆς π. εὐθύς Luc.Hist.Conscr.1

; ἐκ π. Babr.45.14;

κατὰ πρώτας Pl.Plt. 292b

, D.C.52.19;

κατὰ τὴν π. εὐθύς Id.62.3

; παρὰ τὴν π. the first time, opp. ἐπὶ τῆς δευτέρας, Philostr.VA 1.22.

3 freq. as Adv. in neut. sg. and pl., πρῶτον, πρῶτα,

a first, in the first place, πρῶτόν τε καὶ ὕστατον (vulg. ὕστερον) Hes.Th. 34;

π. μὲν.., δεύτερον αὖ.., τὸ τρίτον αὖ.. Il.6.179

; τί π. τοι ἔπειτα, τί δ' ὑστάτιον καταλέξω; Od.9.14;

Κύπριδα μὲν πρῶτα.., αὐτὰρ ἔπειτ'.. Il.5.458

;

οὐρῆας μὲν π. ἐπῴχετο.., αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα.. 1.50

;

π. μὲν.., ἔπειτα δὲ.. S.OC 632

, X.Cyr.2.1.2,23, An.5.6.7-8, Hier.11.8, etc.;

π. μὲν.., ἔπειτα.. Pl.Phd. 89a

, etc.;

π. μὲν.., ἔπειτα δεύτερον.., τρίτον δὲ.. Aeschin.1.7

;

π. μὲν.., εἶτα.. Pl.Phlb. 15b

;

π. μὲν.., εἶτα δὲ.. X. An.1.2.16

;

π. μὲν.., εἶτα.., ἔτι δὲ.. Id.Mem.1.2.1

;

π. μὲν..,.. δὲ αὖ.. Pl.Lg. 935a

;

π. μὲν.., ἔτι δὲ.. Lys.4.10

, etc.;

π. μὲν.., ἔτι τοίνυν.. D.44.57

; freq. answered only by δέ, Id.9.48, etc.; sts. the answering clause must be supplied, A.Ag. 810, D.7.7, etc.: also

πρῶτον μὲν.. δεύτερον μήν.. Pl.Phlb. 66a

: also

πρῶτα μὲν.., ἔπειτα.. S.Tr. 616

, Ar.Pl. 728;

πρῶτα μὲν.., ἔπειτα.., εἶτα.. E.Med. 548

;

πρῶτα μὲν..,.. δὲ.. A.Pr. 447

; πρῶτα μὲν.., ἔπειτα δὲ.. X HG7.1.7, cf. S. Ph. 919; ἐπεί σε πρῶτα κιχάνω since my first meeting is with you, Od. 13.228, cf. 7.53, Il.8.274: also τὸ πρῶτον, first, in the first place, at the beginning,

ὡς τὸ π. ὑπέστην καὶ κατένευσα 4.267

;

οὕνεκά σ' οὐ τὸ π., ἐπεὶ ἴδον, ὧδ' ἀγάπησα Od.23.214

. cf. Il.3.443, 6.345, Pi.P.9.41, N.3.49; τὸ μὲν οὖν π. Pl.Prt. 333d, etc.; τὸ π..., μετὰ ταῦτα..

D 1.12: also τὰ π., Il.1.6, Od.1.257, etc.;

πόντῳ μὲν τὰ π..., αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα.. Il.4.424

;

τὰ π. μὲν.., ὡς δὲ.. A.Pers. 412

;

τὰ π..., τέλος δὲ.. S.Fr.149.5

, cf. 966.

b too early, before the time, ἦ τ' ἄρα καὶ σοὶ πρῶτα (v.l. for πρωΐ)

παραστήσεσθαι ἔμελλε Μοῖρ' ὀλοή Od.24.28

.

c = πρότερον, before,

ἢν.. πρῶτον ἀπόλωμαι κακῶς Ar.Ec. 1079

;

π. οὐδ' ὑφ' ἑνὸς.. κρατηθέντες X.HG5.4.1

; θάλασσα π. ἦν ἢ γενέσθαι γῆν v.l. in Heraclit.31;

λόγῳ π. ἢ τοῖς ἔργοις Arist.Rh.Al. 1420b28

;

οὐ π. αὐτὴν ἀπέκτειναν πρὶν ἢ ἀπεκύησεν Ael.VH5.18

;

π. συμμελετᾶν ἢ μελετᾶν μαθέτω AP12.206

(Strat.).

d first, for the first time,

οὐ.. νῦν πρῶτα ποδώκεος ἄντ' Ἀχιλῆος στήσομαι Il.20.89

;

οὐ νῦν πρῶτον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάλαι S.Ph. 966

;

ἐνταῦθα πρῶτον ἔφαγον X.An.2.3.16

.

e πρῶτον, πρῶτα are used after the relat. Pron. and after relat.Advbs., like Engl. once (= at all),

οὐδ' ἐνοσίχθων λήθετ' ἀπειλάων, τὰς.. Ὀδυσῆϊ π. ἐπηπείλησε Od.13.127

, cf. 3.320, 10.328, 13.133, Il. 1.319, 19.136; μοῖραν δ' οὔ τινά φημι πεφυγμένον ἔμμεναι ἀνδρῶν.. ἐπὴν τὰ π. γένηται when once he is born, 6.489, cf. Od.3.183, 4.13, 414;

οὔτε.. Λυκίους ἐδύναντο τείχεος ἂψ ὤσασθαι, ἐπεὶ τὰ π. πέλασθεν Il.12.420

, cf. Od.11.106, 221; also ἐπεὶ τὸ (or τὰ) π. now that.., ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ οὖν τὸ π. ἀνέκραγον, οὐκ ἐπικεύσω now that I have spoken up, 14.467;

τὸ μὲν οὔ ποτε φύλλα καὶ ὄζους φύσει, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα τομὴν ἐν ὄρεσσι λέλοιπε Il.1.235

, cf. 276, 19.9: c. part., τῷ ῥ' Αἴας τὸ π. ἐφεζόμενος μέγ' ἀάσθη (the rock) on which once seated

A blasphemed, Od.4.509: the sense as soon as is never necessary in Hom., but is possible in Od.4.414, 19.355; δινέμεν εὖτ' ἂν πρῶτα φανῇ σθένος Ὠαρίωνος when once (or perh., as soon as), Hes.Op. 598; ὅπως τις πρῶτα γένοιτο πάντας ἀποκρύπτεσκε as soon as each was born, Id.Th. 156; ὡς τὸ π. X.An.7.8.14;

τότ' εὐθὺς.., ὅτε πρῶτον εἶδον D.18.141

; αὖθίς με ἀνερέσθαι ὅταν ἐντύχῃς πρῶτον the first time you meet me, Pl.Ly. 211b;

ἐὰν μάθω γε πρῶτον.. τί λέγεις Id.R. 338c

.

IV Adv. πρώτως primarily, first in Arist.,

π. καὶ κυρίως EN 1157a30

; opp. δευτέρως, ib. 1158b31; π. καθ' αὑτό, opp. κατὰ συμβεβηκός, Id.Ph. 192b22, cf. Gal.1.692, al., Jul.Or.5.168b.

2 ὅτε π. ἐπεδήμησεν.. when he first visited.., BSA27.228 (Sparta, ii A.D.).—(From πρῶτος was formed a new [comp] Sup. πρώτιστος, q.v.)

φθάνω, Il.9.506, [tense] impf.

A

ἔφθανον X.HG6.2.30

, AP9.272 ([place name] Bianor): [tense] fut.

φθήσομαι Il.23.444

, Th.5.10, Pl.R. 375c, etc.; but φθάσω [ᾰ] Hp. Morb.3.13 (s. v. l.), X.Cyr.5.4.38: [tense] aor.

ἔφθᾰσα Hdt.7.161

, A.Pers. 752 (troch.), Th.3.49, X.Cyr.7.1.19, etc.; imper.

φθάσον J.AJ6.11.7

; opt. [ per.] 3sg.

φθάσειε Isoc.8.120

, pl.

φθάσειαν X.HG7.2.14

(this tense prevails in later Gk., Plb.3.66.1, etc.); [dialect] Dor.

ἔφθασσα Theoc.2.115

: but the only [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. is ἔφθην, not found in A. or S., but the more usual form in E. and Ar., less freq. in Th., X., D.; pl. ἔφθημεν, -ητε, -ησαν, E.Ph. 1468, Isoc.5.7, Antipho 2.2.5, [dialect] Ep.pl.3

φθάν Il.11.51

; subj. φθῶ, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. φθήῃ, φθῇσιν, 16.861, 23.805; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 1pl.

φθέωμεν Od.16.383

; [ per.] 3pl.

φθέωσι 24.437

; opt. φθαίην, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. φθαίησι ([etym.] παρα-) Il.10.346; inf.

φθῆναι Hdt.6.115

, Th.4.4; part.

φθάς Hdt.3.71

; [dialect] Ep. part. [voice] Med.

φθάμενος Il.5.119

, al., Hes.Op. 554: [tense] pf. ἔφθᾰκα Philipp. ap. D.18.39, LXX 2 Ch.28.9, IG12 9).906.26 (Chalcis, iii A. D.);

πέφθακα Ps.-Callisth. 2.10

(v. l): [tense] plpf.

ἐφθάκει Plu.Galb. 17

, Luc.Philops.6:—[voice] Pass., Arist.Mu. 395a18: [tense] impf.

ἐφθάνετο AP9.278

([place name] Bianor);

ἐφθάνοντο J.BJ5.2.4

(v.l. ἐφονεύοντο): [tense] aor.

ἐφθάσθην D.H. 6.25

, Epigr.Gr. 315 ([place name] Smyrna), IPE2.197 (Panticapaeum, ii A. D.), J.AJ8.12.4. Gal.4.560. [[pron. full] φθᾰνω always in [dialect] Att. (so also in AP9.272 ([place name] Bianor), APl.4.382, 384); φθᾱνω in Il.9.506, 21.262 (where Zenod. read φθανέει for φθάνει) ]:— come or do first or before others:

I c. acc. pers., to be beforehand with, overtake, outstrip, in running or otherwise,

φθάνει δέ τε καὶ τὸν ἄγοντα Il.21.262

;

φθῆ σε τελος θανάτοιο 11.451

, cf. Hes.Op. 554, 570, Hdt.7.161, E.Heracl. 120, IT 669, Isoc.9.42, etc.;

οὐ μὴ φθάσωμεν τοὺς κοιμηθέντας 1 Ep.Thess.4.15

; so ἔφθησαν τὸν χειμῶνα they anticipated the storm, Hdt.7.188;

φθάσας τὸν λογισμόν D.21.38

:—[voice] Pass., to be overtaken,

ὑπό τινος Arist. Mu. 395a18

, AP9.278 ([place name] Bianor); ἐφθάσθην (v. supr.).

II abs., come or act first, opp. ὑστερέω or ὑστερίζω, E.Ph. 975, X.An.6.1.18, cf. Th.4.121; τοῦ φθάσαντος ἁρπαγή the prey of the first comer, A.Pers. 752 (troch.), cf. Fr.23 (lyr.);

πρὶν ἐλθεῖν αὐτοὺς φθάσαι βουλόμενοι Th.7.36

;

μὴ φθάσῃ ἐς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον ἐσπλεύσας Id.8

, 100;

φθάσαι πρὶν ἀδικηθῆναι Arist.Pol. 1302b23

, cf. Rh. 1373a23; in later writers, τὰ φθάσαντα the things before mentioned, Ael.VH 1.34, Arg.D.46; part. φθάνων, φθάσας previous,

τῶν φθασάντων δυεῖν βιβλίων Porph.Abst.3.1

; ἐν τοῖς φθάνουσιν ἔργοις Dex.Hist.Fr. 26 J.;

τοῖς φθάνουσι κατορθώμασι Id.Fr.6

J.;

οἱ φθάσαντες πόνοι Agath.5.16

;

τὸ φθάνον

previous time,

Ael.VH14.6

; τὸ φθάσαν, τὰ φθάσαντα, the past, Agath.3.2, al., Procop.Gaz.Ep.32;

ὁ φθάσας χρόνος Men.

Prot.p.127 D.

2 with Preps., come or arrive first,

ἕως τῶν οὐρανῶν LXX 2 Ch.28.9

;

ἔφθασεν ἐφ' ὑμᾶς Ev.Matt.12.28

, Ev.Luc.11.20, cf. 1 Ep.Thess.2.16: φ. εἰς .., simply, arriveat, attain to, Ep.Rom.9.31, Ep.Phil.3.16, Plu.2.338a;

φθάσομεν εἰς Πηλούσι<ον> PPar.18.14

(ii A. D.): abs., of Time, arrive, καιρὸς τῆς τομῆς ἔφθακε (v.l. ἔφθασεν) LXXCa. 2.12; ἔφθασεν ὁ μὴν ὁ ἕβδομος ib.2 Es.3.1.

b extend,

μέχρι γῆς Plot.3.27

;

εἰς βορρᾶν PFlor.50.87

(iii A. D.).

c reach,

αἰθέρα APl.4.384

.

d Gramm., to be applied or applicable,

ἐπ' ἀμφοτέρας τὰς διαθέσεις A.D.Synt.211.22

, cf. 217.23, al.

III the action in which one is beforehand is expressed by the part. agreeing with the subject, [Ἄτη] πολλὸν ὑπεκπροθέει, φθάνει δέ τε πᾶσαν ἐπ' αἶαν βλάπτουσ' ἀνθρώπους and is beforehand in doing men mischief, Il.9.506; ἀλλ' ἄρα μιν φθῆ Τηλέμαχος κατόπισθε βαλών Telemachus was beforehand with him in striking, i.e. struck first, Od.22.91, cf. 16.383, Il.10.368;

ἔφθασέν με προαπελθὼν Χάρμος PCair.Zen.16.3

(iii B. C.); ἔφθησαν ἀπικόμενοι arrived first, Hdt.4.136, cf. 6.115; so φ. εὐεργετῶν to be the first to show a kindness, X.Mem.2.3.14;

ὅπως φθάσειαν βοηθήσαντες Id.HG7.2.14

;

ἔφθασαν προκαταλαβόντες Th.3.112

;

φθάνουσιν αὐτοὺς προκαταφυγοῦσαι Id.2.91

;

ἢν φθάσωσιν πρότερον διαφθείραντες τὸ στράτευμα Id.7.25

;

φ. γόνασι προσπεσὼν πατρός E.HF 986

, etc: part. [voice] Pass. is also used, ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη πόλις ἁλοῦσα, i.e. it would be taken first, Il.13.815; εἴ κε φθήῃ τυπείς shall be wounded first, 16.861; φθαίητε γὰρ ἂν.. ἐξανδραποδισθέντες ἣ .. Hdt.6.108;

μὴ φθάσωσι προεπιβουλευόμενοι Th.3.83

;

ἔφθη κατακωλυθείς X.HG1.6.17

; φθάνειν δεῖ πεφραγμένους τοὶς πόρους they must first be blocked up, Id.Cyr.2.4.25: these clauses, being compar. in sense, are folld. by a gen., φθὰν δὲ μέγ' ἱππήων.. κοσμηθέντες were drawn up before the drivers, Il.11.51; more freq. by πρὶν .. or

ἢ.., ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος, πρὶν οὐτάσαι 16.322

, cf. Antipho1.29, X. Cyr.3.2.4;

φθήσονται τούτοισι πόδες καὶ γοῦνα καμόντα ἢ ὑμῖν Il.23.444

;

ἔφθης πεζὸς ἰὼν ἢ ἐγὼ σὺν νηΐ Od.11.58

; ἔφθησαν ἀναβάντες πρὶν ἢ .. Hdt.9.70; ἔφθησαν ἐκπεσόντες πρότερον ἢ .. Id.6.91.

b in later Gr., c. part. to express previous action or happening, φθάνω ὑμῖν πρότερον γεγραφηκώς I have already written to you, POxy.1666.3 (iii A. D.), cf. 237 vi30 (ii A. D.), etc.;

ἔφθασα εἰρηκώς Luc.Pisc.29

;

ὡς ἔφθην εἰπών Id.Par.3

; cf. 111.2b.

2 in the same sense, part. φθάς or φθάσας, [dialect] Ep. φθάμενος, is used like an Adv. with a principal Verb, ὅς μ' ἔβαλε φθάμενος, for ὅς μ' ἔφθη βαλών, Il.5.119, cf. 13.387, Od. 19.449; οὐκ ἄλλος φθὰς ἐμεῦ κατήγορος ἔσται no other shall be an accuser before me, Hdt.3.71; ἀνέῳξάς με φθάσας you opened the door before me, Ar.Pl. 1102;

φθάσας προσπεσοῦμαι Th.5.9

, cf. 2.91, X.Cyr. 1.5.3, etc.; even with a part.,

φθάσας.. ἁρπάσας Hdt.6.65

; rarely part. [tense] pres.,

φθάνοντες δῃοῦμεν X.Cyr.3.3.18

.

b in signf. 111.1b, φθάσαντες ἐπληρώσαμεν αὐτούς we had already paid them, POxy.1103.6 (iv A. D.); but ὡσεὶ καὶ ὁμογενῆ φθάσας εἶπον as if I had said (not had already said) ὁ., Gal.16.502.

3 rarely c. inf., ὁ φθάσας θαρσῆσαι he that first gains confidence, Th.3.82; σπεύδειν ὅπως.. φθαίης ἔτ' εἰς ἐκκλησίαν ἐλθεῖν (v.l. ἐλθών ) hurry to be in time to get to.., Ar.Eq. 935 (lyr.), cf. Nu. 1384 (v. infr. IV. 1); μόλις φθάνει θρόνοισιν ἐμπεσοῦσα μὴ χαμαὶ πεσεῖν hardly manages by falling first on the seat not to fall on the ground, E.Med. 1169; more freq. in later writers, of actions which one manages to do, does before or has done first or already, A.R.1.1189, D.H.4.59,61, Sor.1.111, Gal.15.2,93, Luc. DMort.13.2, Harm.2;

ἐὰν φθάσω πρὸ τῆς τρύγης ἀνελθεῖν PSI8.971.10

(iii/iv A. D.);

ἐὰν ὁ ἰατρὸς αὐτὸ φθάσῃ κενῶσαι Gal.16.499

; φθάνοντος ἤδη πυρέττειν ἐκ τεττάρων ἡμερῶν τοῦ νοσοῦντος having already begun, ib.498; μὴ φθάνων προσηκόντως τρέφεσθαι if he is not first suitably nourished, Id.18(2).36, cf. 84,103; συμβαίνει φθάνειν ἀποθνῄσκειν τοὺς νεωτέρους the young die first, ib.222; εἰ φθάσαιμεν παλαιοὺς πίθους ἔχειν μεγάλους if we already have.., Gp.6.3.11, cf. 10.22.2, al., A.D.Pron.90.1;

ἔφθακεν οὖν ταῦτα ἐψηφίσθαι καὶ τῇ βουλῇ IG12(9).906.26

(Chalcis, iii A. D.).

IV with negatives,

1 with οὐ and part. (inf. is v. l. in Ar.Nu. 1384), folld. by καί or καὶ εὐθύς, of two actions following close on each other, οὐ φθάνειν χρὴ συσκιάζοντας γένυν καὶ.. ὁρμᾶν you must no sooner get your beard than you march, E.Supp. 1219; οὐ φθάνει ἐξαγόμενος καὶ εὐθὺς ὅμοιός ἐστι τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις no sooner is he brought out than he becomes unclean, X.Eq.5.10, cf. Ar.Nu. 1384; οὐκ ἔφθημεν εἰς Τροιζῆν' ἐλθόντες καὶ τοιαύταις νόσοις ἐλήφθημεν ἐξ ὧν .. no sooner had we come to Troezen than.., Isoc.19.22, cf. 5.53, 8.98, 9.53; οὐκ ἔφθη μοι συμβᾶσα ἡ ἀτυχία καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπεχείρησαν διαφορῆσαι τἄνδοθεν scarcely or no sooner had misfortune befallen me when.., D.57.65, cf. 43.69, Isoc.4.86.

2 οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε, with part. [tense] pres., express a strong exhortation or urgent command, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε τὴν ταχίστην ὀπίσω ἀπαλλασσόμενοι you could not be too quick in departing, i.e. make haste and be off, Hdt.7.162; οὐ φθάνοιτ' ἔτ' ἄν θνῄσκοντες make haste and die, E.Or. 936, cf. 941, Alc. 662, Heracl. 721, Tr. 456 (troch.), IT 245;

οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτον τοῦτο πράττοντε Ar.Pl. 485

; ἀποτρέχων οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις ib. 1133; εἰς ἀγορὰν ἰὼν ταχέως οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις ib. 874, cf. Ec. 118;

οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις λέγων Pl. Smp. 185e

, X.Mem.2.3.11; these phrases are not to be treated as questions, cf. οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιμι (sc. λέγων) Pl.Smp. 214e, cf. Phd. 100c, D.25.40, Luc.Fug.26, Symp.2, Anach.14: c. part. [tense] aor., once in Luc., Vit.Auct.26.

b in 1, 2, or 3 pers., to express immediate futurity, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις ἀκούων you shall hear in a moment, Pl.Euthd. 272d; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι τὸ πλῆθος τούτοις τοῖς θηρίοις δουλεῦον will soon (or inevitably) be enslaved to.., D.24.143; also to express what is logically inevitable, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιεν αὐτοὺς προσκυνοῦντες they will soon be (or cannot logically help) worshipping them, Aristeas 137;

τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις καὶ Ἐμπεδοκλεῖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἐγκαλῶν Luc.Fug.2

;

οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι κἀμὲ μάντιν λέγων Id.Hes.8

;

οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι τις ἁπάσας ἀναιρῶν τὰς τοιαύτας προστασίας Id.Apol.11

: c. part. [tense] aor., Id.Tox.2.

ἀπαρχή, ῆς, ἡ (cp. ἀπάρχομαι ‘make a beginning’ in sacrifice; orig. of hair cut from the forehead and cast into the fire Il. 19, 254; Od. 14, 422 al., hence ἀπαρχή=‘beginning of a sacrifice’ Eur., Or. 96; such sacrifices would begin with ‘firstlings’ or ‘first fruits’, freq. distinguished also for quality) (Soph., Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 15:3; Test12Patr, Philo, Joseph.; Celsus 8, 33)

① cultic t.t. first fruits, first portion of any kind (incl. animals, both domesticated and wild [for the latter Arrian, Cyneg. 33, 1]), which were holy to the divinity and were consecrated before the rest could be put to secular use (cp. Theopomp. [IV B.C.]:115 Fgm. 344 Jac. p. 608, 5; Cornutus 28 p. 55, 9; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 136 D.; Theophyl. Sym., Ep. 29 Πανὶ τοῦ ποιμνίου τὰς ἀπαρχάς; OGI 179, 12 [I B.C.]; PSI 690, 14; Porphyr., Abst. 2, 61 θεοῖς ἀρίστη μὲν ἀπαρχὴ νοῦς καθαρός; SEG XLII, 17 lit.).

ⓐ lit. εἰ ἡ ἀ. ἁγία, καὶ τὸ φύραμα if the first fruits ( of dough) are holy, so is the whole lump Ro 11:16 (on first fruits of bread dough, Num 15:18–21, cp. The Mishnah, tr. HDanby ’58 [’33] 83–88 [Hallah]). In full ἀ. γεννημάτων ληνοῦ καὶ ἅλωνος, βοῶν τε καὶ προβάτων the first fruits of the produce of winepress and threshing floor, of cattle and sheep D 13:3, cp. 5f (s. Ex 22:28); ἀ. τῆς ἅλω 1 Cl 29:3. Assigned to a prophet, as to the priests and seers among the gentiles (Artem. 3, 3) and in the OT to the priest D 13:3, 6f.

ⓑ fig., w. the components of a above strongly felt

α. of persons first fruits of Christians ἀ. τῆς Ἀσίας, i.e. the first convert in Asia Ro 16:5. ἀ. τῆς Ἀχαί̈ας 1 Cor 16:15. Also 2 Th 2:13 (v.l. ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς) the first converts of Thessalonica (so Harnack, SBBerlAk 1910, 575ff); pl. 1 Cl 42:4. Gener. ἀ. τις τῶν αὐτοῦ κτισμάτων a kind of first fruits of his creatures Js 1:18 (cp. Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 180 of the Jews: τοῦ σύμπαντος ἀνθρώπων γένους ἀπενεμήθη οἷά τις ἀπαρχὴ τῷ ποιητῇ καὶ πατρί; Alex. Aphr., Fat. 1, II 2 p. 164, 10 τινὰ ἀπαρχὴν τῶν ἡμετέρων καρπῶν=a sort of first fruit of our [spiritual] harvest. LElliott-Binns, NTS 3, ’56/57, 148–61). Here as Rv 14:4 the emphasis is less on chronological sequence than on quality (schol. on Eur., Or. 96 ἀπαρχὴ ἐλέγετο οὐ μόνον τ. πρῶτον τῇ τάξει, ἀλλὰ καὶ τ. πρῶτον τ. τιμῇ). The orig. mng. is greatly weakened, so that ἀ. becomes almost = πρῶτος; of Christ ἀ. τῶν κεκοιμημένων the first of those who have fallen asleep 1 Cor 15:20; cp. vs. 23 (HMontefiore, When Did Jesus Die? ET 62, ’60, 53f; s. also BSpörlein, Die Leugnung der Auferstehung, ’71 [ 1 Cor 15]); 1 Cl 24:1.

β. of things (Dio Chrys. 54 [71], 2 ἀπαρχαὶ τῆς σοφίας) τὴν ἀ. τοῦ πνεύματος ἔχοντες since we possess the first fruits of the Spirit, i.e. as much of the Spirit as has been poured out so far and a foretaste of things to come Ro 8:23 (cp. Thieme 25f), but s. 2 below. διδόναι ἀπαρχὰς γεύσεώς τινος give a foretaste of someth. B 1:7.—ESanders, Jewish Law fr. Jesus to the Mishnah ’90, 283–308.

② birth-certificate also suits the context of Ro 8:23; cp. Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 372, 4, 7; PFlor 57, 81; 86; 89; PTebt 316, 10; 49; 82; HJones, JTS 23, 1922, 282f; RTaubenschlag, Opera Minora 2, ’59, 220–21 (identification card); L-S-J-M s.v. 7.—HBeer, Ἀπαρχή, diss., Würzb. 1914; EMoutsonlas: Sacris erudiri XV 5–14 (Steenbrugge, ’64); COke, Int 11, ’57, 455–60.—DELG s.v. ἄρχω A. O. Wilck I 345f §140. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv.

προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres imperat mp 2nd pl (doric aeolic)

προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres subj mp 2nd pl

προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres ind mp 2nd pl (doric aeolic)

προηγῆσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: imperf ind mid 2nd pl (doric aeolic)

προηγῆσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres imperat mid 2nd pl (doric aeolic)

προηγῆσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres subj mid 2nd pl

προηγῆσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres ind mid 2nd pl (doric aeolic)

προη̱γῆσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: imperf ind mid 2nd pl (attic epic doric ionic aeolic)

προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: imperf ind mp 2nd pl (doric aeolic)

προηγῆσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: imperf ind mid 2nd pl (doric aeolic)

προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres imperat mp 2nd pl (doric aeolic)

προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres subj mp 2nd pl

προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres ind mp 2nd pl (doric aeolic)

προηγῆσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: imperf ind mid 2nd pl (doric aeolic)

προηγῆσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres imperat mid 2nd pl (doric aeolic)

προηγῆσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres subj mid 2nd pl

προηγῆσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres ind mid 2nd pl (doric aeolic)

προη̱γῆσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: imperf ind mid 2nd pl (attic epic doric ionic aeolic)

προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: imperf ind mp 2nd pl (doric aeolic)

προηγῆσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: imperf ind mid 2nd pl (doric aeolic)

προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres imperat mp 2nd pl (attic epic)

προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres opt mp 2nd pl (epic ionic)

προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres ind mp 2nd pl (attic epic)

προηγεῖσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: imperf ind mid 2nd pl (attic epic)

προηγεῖσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres imperat mid 2nd pl (attic epic)

προηγεῖσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres opt mid 2nd pl (epic ionic)

προηγεῖσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres ind mid 2nd pl (attic epic)

προη̱γεῖσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: imperf ind mid 2nd pl (attic epic doric ionic)

προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: imperf ind mp 2nd pl (attic epic)

προηγεῖσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: imperf ind mid 2nd pl (attic epic)

προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres imperat mp 2nd pl (attic epic)

προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres opt mp 2nd pl (epic ionic)

προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres ind mp 2nd pl (attic epic)

προηγεῖσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: imperf ind mid 2nd pl (attic epic)

προηγεῖσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres imperat mid 2nd pl (attic epic)

προηγεῖσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres opt mid 2nd pl (epic ionic)

προηγεῖσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: pres ind mid 2nd pl (attic epic)

προη̱γεῖσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: imperf ind mid 2nd pl (attic epic doric ionic)

προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: imperf ind mp 2nd pl (attic epic)

προηγεῖσθε, προηγέομαι

go first and lead the way: imperf ind mid 2nd pl (attic epic)

-η,-ον ⁺ A 45-59-26-46-47=223 Gn 8,5.13; 32,18.20; 33,2

first (order) Ex 34,1; first (time) Gn 8,13; former Ezr 3,12; found in front, foremost (place) Jl 2,20; first, foremost, important (degree) Ez 27,22; ἡ πρώτη the first day Gn 8,5

ἐν πρώτοις first, at first, in the beginning Gn 33,2; among the first, among the important ones 1 Sm 9,22

*1 Chr 27,33 πρῶτος first, main, chief (friend)-הארכי read as ἀρχι-? (ἀρχιεταῖρος in L) for MT (רע) הארכי the Archite (the friend of); *Dn^LXX 10,21 τὰ πρῶτα the first-ניםשׁהרי or-ניםשׁהרא for MT וםשׁהר that which is prescribed

→NIDNTT; TWNT

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `foremost, first' (Il.).

Other forms: Dor. Boeot. πρᾶτος.

Compounds: As 1. member very productive, e.g. πρωτό-γονος `first-born' (ep. poet. Il.).

Derivatives: 1. Superlative πρώτ-ιστα (adv.) `first of all', - ιστος (ep. poet. Il.), Dor. (Thera) πράτιστος `the very first' (Seiler Steigerungsformen 105). 2. πρωτ-εῖον n. `first prize, first rank' (Att.); - ειος `of the first rank'. 3. - εύω `to be first' (Att.) with the backformation πρωτεύς adjunct to λαός (Tim. Pers. 248; cf. Wil. ad loc.). Several shortnames, e.g. Πρωτ-εύς m. Seagod (Od. etc.; Bosshardt 128f.), - τέας, - τίων, Πρατ-ίνας, - ύλος etc. (Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 387). -- On Πρω-τεσί-λαος, - λεως (Il. etc.) s. Risch $ 71 a.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [814] XX [unknown]

Etymology: As with the cardinals (cf. οἶος, εἷς and Kretschmer Einl. 10ff.) deviate also with the ordinals, a. even stronger, the expressions for the singular from one another. In Greek πρῶτος, πρᾶτος as innovation joined the sequence τρίτος, τέταρτος etc.; the initial syllable is explained in diff. ways. Most obvious is to compare, πρῶ-, πρᾶ-(τος) with Lith. pìr-mas, Skt. pū́r-va-, Av. paur-va- as representing a zero grade pr̥̄-, i.e. *pr̥H-; the variation πρω-: πρᾱ- can, if not old (Lejeune BSL 29, 117ff.), be explained as partial adaptation to πρό, πρότερος though it is not clear how this would have come about. DELG says that *pr̥H- can give both πρᾱ- and πρω-, but the first requires *pr̥h₂-, the second *pr̥h₃-, so the two cannot come from the same form. A basis *πρό-ατος, for πρῶτος possible, is not possible for πρᾶτος. Schwyzer 361 and 250 w. lit.; s. also on πρῳ̃ ρα and Pisani Ist. Lomb. 77, 563. Older lit. in Bq. Cf. Beekes Development 214f.

Page in Frisk: 2,609-610

ἄρχοντα, ἄρχω

to be first: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc pl

ἄρχοντα, ἄρχω

to be first: pres part act masc acc sg

ἄρχοντι, ἄρχω

to be first: pres part act masc /neut dat sg

ἄρχοντι, ἄρχω

to be first: pres ind act 3rd pl (doric aeolic)

ἄ̱ρχοντο, ἄρχω

to be first: imperf ind mp 3rd pl (doric aeolic)

ἄρχοντε, ἄρχω

to be first: pres part act masc /neut nom /voc /acc dual

ἄρχονται, ἄρχω

to be first: pres ind mp 3rd pl

ἄρχοντο, ἄρχω

to be first: imperf ind mp 3rd pl (homeric ionic)

ἄρχοντα, ἄρχων

ruler: masc acc sg

ἄρχοντι, ἄρχων

ruler: masc dat sg

ἄρχοντε, ἄρχων

ruler: masc nom /voc /acc dual

ἄρχοντα, ἄρχω

to be first: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc pl

ἄρχοντα, ἄρχω

to be first: pres part act masc acc sg

ἄρχοντι, ἄρχω

to be first: pres part act masc /neut dat sg

ἄρχοντι, ἄρχω

to be first: pres ind act 3rd pl (doric aeolic)

ἄ̱ρχοντο, ἄρχω

to be first: imperf ind mp 3rd pl (doric aeolic)

ἄρχοντε, ἄρχω

to be first: pres part act masc /neut nom /voc /acc dual

ἄρχονται, ἄρχω

to be first: pres ind mp 3rd pl

ἄρχοντο, ἄρχω

to be first: imperf ind mp 3rd pl (homeric ionic)

ἄρχοντα, ἄρχων

ruler: masc acc sg

ἄρχοντι, ἄρχων

ruler: masc dat sg

ἄρχοντε, ἄρχων

ruler: masc nom /voc /acc dual

ἀρχή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+)

① the commencement of someth. as an action, process, or state of being, beginning, i.e. a point of time at the beginning of a duration.

ⓐ gener. (opp. τέλος; cp. Diod S 16, 1, 1 ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς μέχρι τοῦ τέλους; Ael. Aristid. 30, 24 K.=10 p. 123 D.: ἐξ ἀ. εἰς τέλος; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 9, §36; Wsd 7:18) B 1:6; IEph 14:1; IMg 13:1; IRo 1:2, cp. vs. 1. W. gen. foll. (OGI 458, 10 life) ἡμέρας ὀγδόης B 15:8; ἡμερῶν (2 Km 14:26) Hb 7:3; τῶν σημείων first of the signs J 2:11 (ἀ. τοῦ ἡμετέρου δόγματος Orig., C. Cels. 2, 4, 20; cp. Isocr., Paneg. 10:38 Blass ἀλλʼ ἀρχὴν μὲν ταύτην ἐποιήσατο τ. εὐεργεσιῶν, τροφὴν τοῖς δεομένοις εὑρεῖν=but [Athens] made this the starting point of her benefactions: to provide basic needs for livelihood; Pr 8:22; Jos., Ant. 8, 229 ἀ. κακῶν); ὠδίνων Mt 24:8; Mk 13:8; κακῶν ISm 7:2. As the beginning, i.e. initial account, in a book (Ion of Chios [V B.C.] 392 Fgm. 24 Jac. [=Leurini no. 114] ἀρχὴ τοῦ λόγου; Polystrat. p. 28; Diod S 17, 1, 1 ἡ βύβλος τὴν ἀ. ἔσχε ἀπὸ …; Ael. Aristid. 23, 2 K.=42 p. 768 D.: ἐπʼ ἀρχῇ τοῦ συγγράμματος; Diog. L. 3, 37 ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς Πολιτείας; cp. Sb 7696, 53; 58 [250 A.D.]) ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Ἰ. Χ. Beginning of the gospel of J. C. Mk 1:1 (cp. Hos 1:2 ἀ. λόγου κυρίου πρὸς Ὡσηέ; s. RHarris, Exp. 8th ser., 1919, 113–19; 1920, 142–50; 334–50; FDaubanton, NThSt 2, 1919, 168–70; AvanVeldhuizen, ibid., 171–75; EEidem, Ingressen til Mkevangeliet: FBuhl Festschr. 1925, 35–49; NFreese, StKr 104, ’32, 429–38; AWikgren, JBL 61, ’42, 11–20 [ἀρχή=summary]; LKeck, NTS 12, ’65/66, 352–70). ἀ. τῆς ὑποστάσεως original commitment Hb 3:14. ἀρχὴν ἔχειν w. gen. of the inf. begin to be someth. IEph 3:1. ἀρχὴν λαμβάνειν begin (Polyb.; Aelian, VH 2, 28; 12, 53; Diog. L., Prooem. 3, 4; Sext. Emp., Phys. 1, 366; Philo, Mos. 1, 81) λαλεῖσθαι to be proclaimed at first Hb 2:3; cp. IEph 19:3.—W. prep. ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς from the beginning (Paus. 3, 18, 2; SIG 741, 20; UPZ 160, 15 [119 B.C.]; BGU 1141, 44; JosAs 23:4; Jos., Ant. 8, 350; 9, 30) J 6:64 v.l.; 15:27; 1J 2:7, 24; 3:11; 2J 5f; Ac 26:4; MPol 17:1; Hs 9, 11, 9; Dg 12:3. οἱ ἀπʼ ἀ. αὐτόπται those who fr. the beginning were eyewitnesses Lk 1:2. Also ἐξ ἀρχῆς (Diod. Sic. 18, 41, 7; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 45 [189]; SIG 547, 9; 634, 4; UPZ 185 II 5; PGen 7, 8; BGU 1118, 21; Jos., Bell. 7, 358) J 6:64; 16:4; 1 Cl 19:2; Pol 7:2; Dg 2:1. πάλιν ἐξ ἀ. (Ael. Aristid. 21, 10 K.=22 p. 443 D.; SIG 972, 174) again fr. the beginning (=afresh, anew; a common expr., Renehan ’75, 42) B 16:8. ἐν ἀρχῇ (Diod S 19, 110, 5; Palaeph. p. 2, 3; OGI 56, 57; PPetr II, 37, 2b verso, 4; PTebt 762, 9; POxy 1151, 15; BGU 954, 26; ViHab 14 [p. 87, 4 Sch.]) at the beginning, at first Ac 11:15; AcPlCor 2:4. ἐν ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου when the gospel was first preached Phil 4:15; sim., word for word, w. ref. to beg. of 1 Cor: 1 Cl 47:2.—τὴν ἀ. J 8:25, as nearly all the Gk. fathers understood it, is emphatically used adverbially=ὅλως at all (Plut., Mor. 115b; Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 12; 14 [31], 5; 133; Lucian, Eunuch. 6 al.; Ps.-Lucian, Salt. 3; POxy 472, 17 [c. 130 A.D.]; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 121; Jos., Ant. 1, 100; 15, 235 al.; as a rule in neg. clauses, but the negation can inhere in the sense: 48th letter of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 356, 17]; Philo, Abrah. 116, Decal. 89; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 6, 11; without art. ApcSed 10:3; cp. Hs 2:5 cj. by W., endorsed by Joly; s. Field, Notes, 93f) τὴν ἀ. ὅτι καὶ λαλῶ ὑμῖν (how is it) that I even speak to you at all? But s. B-D-F §300, 2. More prob. the mng. is somewhat as follows: What I said to you from the first (so NT in Basic English; sim. REB et al.; cp. τὴν ἀρχήν ‘at the beginning’ Thu 2, 74, 2; s. also RFunk, HTR 51, ’58, 95–100; B-D-F §300, 2, but appeal to P⁶⁶ is specious, s. EMiller, TZ 36, ’80, 261).

ⓑ beginning, origin in the abs. sense (ἀ. τῆς τῶν πάντων ὑποστάσεως Orig. C. Cels. 6, 65, 4) ἀ. πάντων χαλεπῶν Pol 4:1; ἀ. κακῶν ISm 7:2 (cp. 1 Ti 6:10, which has ῥίζα for ἀ., and s. e.g. Ps 110:10; Sir 10:13); ἀ. κόσμου B 15:8; ἀ. πάντων PtK 2, p. 13, 21. ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς fr. the very beginning (Is 43:13; Wsd 9:8; 12:11; Sir 24:9 al.; PsSol 8:31; GrBar 17:2) Mt 19:4, 8; J 8:44; 1J 1:1 (of the Hist. beg. of Christianity: HWendt, D. Johannesbriefe u. d. joh. Christent. 1925, 31f; HWindisch, Hdb. ad loc.; difft. HConzelmann, RBultmann Festschr., ’54, 194–201); 3:8; 2 Th 2:13; ὁ ἀπʼ ἀ. 1J 2:13f; Dg 11:4; οἱ ἀπʼ ἀ. those at the very beginning, the first people 12:3; τὰ ἀπʼ ἀ. γενόμενα 1 Cl 31:1; ἀπʼ ἀ. κτίσεως Mk 10:6; 13:19; 2 Pt 3:4 (on ἀ. κτίσεως cp. En 15:9); ἀπʼ ἀ. κόσμου Mt 24:21. Also ἐξ ἀ. (X., Mem. 1, 4, 5; Ael. Aristid. 43, 9 K.=1 p. 3 D. [of the existence of Zeus]; TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 11 [Stone p. 40]; B 4 p. 109, 7 [St. p. 66]; Ath., R. 16, p. 67, 18; Philo, Aet. M. 42, Spec. Leg. 1, 300; Did., Gen. 50, 1) Dg 8:11; ἐν ἀ. in the beginning (Simplicius in Epict. p. 104, 2; Did., Gen. 29, 25 al.) J 1:1f; ἐν ἀ. τῆς κτίσεως B 15:3. κατʼ ἀρχάς in the beg. Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26; cp. Hdt. 3, 153 et al.; Diod S; Plut.; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 92, Det. Pot. Insid. 118; Ps 118:152; Just., D. 2, 3).

② one with whom a process begins, beginning fig., of pers. (Gen 49:3 Ῥουβὴν σὺ ἀρχὴ τέκνων μου; Dt 21:17): of Christ Col 1:18. W. τέλος of God or Christ Rv 1:8 v.l.; 21:6; 22:13 (Hymn to Selene 35 ἀ. καὶ τέλος εἶ: Orphica p. 294, likew. PGM 4, 2836; 13, 362; 687; Philo, Plant. 93; Jos., Ant. 8, 280; others in Rtzst., Poim. 270ff and cp. SIG 1125, 7–11 Αἰών, … ἀρχὴν μεσότητα τέλος οὐκ ἔχων, expressed from the perspective of historical beginning).

③ the first cause, the beginning (philos. t.t. ODittrich, D. Systeme d. Moral I 1923, 360a, 369a;—Ael. Aristid. 43, 9 K.=1 p. 3 D.: ἀρχὴ ἁπάντων Ζεύς τε καὶ ἐκ Διὸς πάντα; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 190 God as ἀρχὴ κ. μέσα κ. τέλος τῶν πάντων [contrast SIG 1125, 10f]) of Christ ἡ ἀ. τῆς κτίσεως Rv 3:14; but the mng. beginning=‘first created’ is linguistically probable (s. above 1b and Job 40:19; also CBurney, Christ as the Ἀρχή of Creation: JTS 27, 1926, 160–77). [ὁ γὰ]ρ π̣̄ρ̣̄ (=πατὴρ) [ἀρ]|χή ἐ[ς]τ̣[ιν τῶν μ]ελλόν|των for the Father is the source of all who are to come into being in contrast to the προπάτωρ, who is without a beginning Ox 1081, 38f (SJCh 91, 1 ἀρχή; on the context, s. WTill, TU 60/5, ’55 p. 57).

④ a point at which two surfaces or lines meet, corner (from the perspective of an observer the object appears to begin at that point), pl. corners of a sheet Ac 10:11; 11:5 (cp. Hdt. 4, 60; Diod S 1, 35, 10).

⑤ a basis for further understanding, beginning τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς ἀ. elementary principles Hb 5:12 (perh. w. an element of gentle satire: ‘the discrete items or ABC’s that compose the very beginning [of divine instructions]’; cp. MKiley, SBLSP 25, ’86, 236–45, esp. 239f). ὁ τῆς ἀ. τοῦ Χ. λόγος elementary Christian teaching 6:1.

⑥ an authority figure who initiates activity or process, ruler, authority (Aeschyl., Thu. et al.; ins; pap, e.g. PHal 1, 226 μαρτυρείτω ἐπὶ τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ δικαστηρίῳ; Gen 40:13, 21; 41:13; 2 Macc 4:10, 50 al., s. Magie 26; so as a loanw. in rabb. ἀ. = νόμιμος ἐπιστασία Did., Gen. 60, 9) w. ἐξουσία Lk 20:20; pl. (Oenomaus in Eus., PE 6, 7, 26 ἀρχαὶ κ. ἐξουσίαι; 4 Macc 8:7; Jos., Ant. 4, 220) Lk 12:11; Tit 3:1; MPol 10:2 (αἱ ἀρχαί can also be the officials as persons, as those who took part in the funeral procession of Sulla: Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 106 §497.—The same mng. 2, 106 §442; 2, 118 §498 al. Likewise Diod S 34+35 Fgm. 2, 31).—Also of angelic or transcendent powers, since they were thought of as having a political organization (Damascius, Princ. 96 R.) Ro 8:38; 1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; 3:10; 6:12; Col 1:16; 2:10, 15; AcPl Ha 1, 7. Cp. TestJob 49, 2; Just., D. 120, 6 end.

⑦ the sphere of one’s official activity, rule, office (Diod S 3, 53, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 13 §57; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 177, Ant. 19, 273), or better domain, sphere of influence (Diod S 17, 24, 2; Appian, Syr. 23 §111; Arrian, Anab. 6, 29, 1; Polyaen. 8:55; Procop. Soph., Ep. 139) of angels Jd 6. Papias (4 v.l. for ἄρχω).—S. the lit. on ἄγγελος and HSchlier, Mächte u. Gewalten im NT: ThBl 9, 1930, 289–97.—144–50 (‘Archai’). EDNT. DELG s.v. ἄρχω D. M-M. TW. Sv.

ἄ̱ρχετο, ἄρχω

to be first: imperf ind mp 3rd sg (doric aeolic)

ἄ̱ρχετε, ἄρχω

to be first: imperf ind act 2nd pl (doric aeolic)

ἄρχετε, ἄρχω

to be first: pres imperat act 2nd pl

ἄρχετε, ἄρχω

to be first: pres ind act 2nd pl

ἄρχεται, ἄρχω

to be first: pres ind mp 3rd sg

ἄρχετο, ἄρχω

to be first: imperf ind mp 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

ἄρχετε, ἄρχω

to be first: imperf ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

ἄ̱ρχετο, ἄρχω

to be first: imperf ind mp 3rd sg (doric aeolic)

ἄ̱ρχετε, ἄρχω

to be first: imperf ind act 2nd pl (doric aeolic)

ἄρχετε, ἄρχω

to be first: pres imperat act 2nd pl

ἄρχετε, ἄρχω

to be first: pres ind act 2nd pl

ἄρχεται, ἄρχω

to be first: pres ind mp 3rd sg

ἄρχετο, ἄρχω

to be first: imperf ind mp 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

ἄρχετε, ἄρχω

to be first: imperf ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

λοφίᾱ, λοφίας

first dorsal vertebra and skin over it: masc nom /voc /acc dual

λοφίας

first dorsal vertebra and skin over it: masc voc sg

λοφίᾱ, λοφίας

first dorsal vertebra and skin over it: masc voc sg (attic)

λοφίᾱ, λοφίας

first dorsal vertebra and skin over it: masc gen sg (doric aeolic)

λοφίας

first dorsal vertebra and skin over it: masc nom sg (epic)

λοφίαι, λοφίας

first dorsal vertebra and skin over it: masc nom /voc pl

λοφίᾱͅ, λοφίας

first dorsal vertebra and skin over it: masc dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

προεπιχειρήσηι, προεπιχείρησις

attacking first: fem dat sg (epic)

προεπιχειρέω

to be the first to attack: aor subj mid 2nd sg

προεπιχειρέω

to be the first to attack: aor subj act 3rd sg

προεπιχειρέω

to be the first to attack: fut ind mid 2nd sg

προεπιχειρήσῃ, προεπιχειρέω

to be the first to attack: aor subj mid 2nd sg

προεπιχειρήσῃ, προεπιχειρέω

to be the first to attack: aor subj act 3rd sg

προεπιχειρήσῃ, προεπιχειρέω

to be the first to attack: fut ind mid 2nd sg

προεπιχειρήσηι, προεπιχείρησις

attacking first: fem dat sg (epic)

προεπιχειρέω

to be the first to attack: aor subj mid 2nd sg

προεπιχειρέω

to be the first to attack: aor subj act 3rd sg

προεπιχειρέω

to be the first to attack: fut ind mid 2nd sg

προεπιχειρήσῃ, προεπιχειρέω

to be the first to attack: aor subj mid 2nd sg

προεπιχειρήσῃ, προεπιχειρέω

to be the first to attack: aor subj act 3rd sg

προεπιχειρήσῃ, προεπιχειρέω

to be the first to attack: fut ind mid 2nd sg

χνοάω

the bloom of the first down: pres imperat mp 2nd sg

χνοάω

the bloom of the first down: pres subj act 1st sg (attic epic ionic)

χνοάω

the bloom of the first down: pres ind act 1st sg (attic epic ionic)

χνοάω

the bloom of the first down: pres subj act 1st sg (attic epic doric ionic)

χνοάω

the bloom of the first down: pres ind act 1st sg (attic epic doric ionic)

χνοάω

the bloom of the first down: imperf ind mp 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

χνοάζω

get the first down: fut ind act 1st sg (attic epic ionic)

χνοάω

the bloom of the first down: pres imperat mp 2nd sg

χνοάω

the bloom of the first down: pres subj act 1st sg (attic epic ionic)

χνοάω

the bloom of the first down: pres ind act 1st sg (attic epic ionic)

χνοάω

the bloom of the first down: pres subj act 1st sg (attic epic doric ionic)

χνοάω

the bloom of the first down: pres ind act 1st sg (attic epic doric ionic)

χνοάω

the bloom of the first down: imperf ind mp 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

χνοάζω

get the first down: fut ind act 1st sg (attic epic ionic)